Black & white photographs and negatives that
document Winsor's career as an irrigation specialist and flood control researcher.
Collectively, the photographs show the step-by-step construction of many dams and flood
control barriers, and chronicle the changing machinery and technologies used to build
dams from 1915 to the early 1940s. Included in the images are many different irrigation
and flood control projects, the surveying of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, and
photos of the Lake Mead area. Many of the photos are of Winsor's farm or projects in
Enterprise, Utah. Also contains his report, "Utah's flood problem," and photos showing
damage from various Utah floods and flood control projects, in particular the Willard,
Utah flood of Aug. 13, 1923.
Repository:
Utah State University. Special Collections and Archives Photograph Collection
Merrill-Cazier Library Utah State University 3000 Old Main Hill Logan, UT 84322-3000 Phone: 435 797-2663 Fax: 435 797-2880 Email: scweb@usu.edu
Languages:
Collection materials are in English.
Sponsor:
Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) grant,
2007-2008
Historical Note
Luther M. Winsor, born in Hebron, Utah on January 21, 1884, spent his whole life working
with water, irrigation, and flood control. With his experience and expertise he was
appointed to governmental positions on both the state and national level as well as
serving as a specialist to private companies. The bulk of his work with irrigation and
flood control kept him in Utah, but he also studied and developed water programs in
Chile, Iran, Canada, and much of the western United States.
His early life in Hebron, Washington County, consisted of learning first-hand about
irrigation, masonry, and railroad surveying. In 1904 he registered at Utah Agricultural
College (now Utah State University) in Logan. From the outset of his education he
focused on irrigation. He not only attended college, but he also gained valuable field
experience by working under the State Engineer in Logan measuring water levels in canals
and studying water use in crop production with an appointment from the United States
Division of Irrigation Investigations. In 1911 he became the first person in Utah to
receive a degree in Irrigation Engineering. In 1926 Winsor earned a Master's degree from
the University of California, Berkeley.
Winsor held numerous positions, most of which were concerned with irrigation and flood
control. Shortly after he received his degree, Winsor became the first County Agent in
the West and served posts in the Uintah Basin and in Colorado. In 1913 he served as the
Irrigation Specialist, a position he held for more than 20 years, for the state of Utah.
It was in this capacity that he assisted in analyzing floods and developed the barrier
system of flood control, in which debris is channeled away from flood waters.
Besides assisting in many flood control projects in Utah, in 1918 Winsor was called upon
by the American Smelting and Refining Company to investigate irrigation and, as a
result, increase food production for the company's copper mine camp in northern Chile.
He would also assist the company on future projects in Garfield, Utah and Black Lake,
Quebec. Winsor felt his most significant work, however, was in Iran (under appointment
from the President of the United States) serving as Director General at the Ministry of
Agriculture. Winsor spent almost five years in the 1940s in the Middle East.
Winsor published extensively about the many projects he assisted on or developed. On
January 18, 1968 he passed away. His groundbreaking work set standards for flood control
and irrigation not only in Utah, but throughout the West.
Content Description
The L.M. Winsor Photograph Collection consists of 943 photographs and negatives that
document Winsor's carreer as an irrigation specialist and flood control researcher.
Collectively, the photographs show the step-by-step construction of many dams and flood
control barriers, and chronicle the changing machinery and technologies used to build
dams from 1915 to the early 1940s.
Box 1 documents the building of a dam at Enterprise, Utah from 1915 through 1918. Boxes
2 and 3 contain photographs and negatives in chronological order by year, from 1916 to
1941. Included in the images are many different irrigation and flood control projects,
along with the surveying of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge. Box 4 is comprised
mostly of unidentified prints. The photos in box 5 are part of a report submitted by
Winsor to the Utah State Land Board. Although this report on Utah's flood problems was
originally located in the manuscript collection (MSS 98), it was included because of the
link with the photos in Box 5. Most photographs were given detailed captions by Winsor.
L.M. Winsor's original captions were used where available to describe the images. His
original numbering was also maintained in addition to our own numbering system. Within
the first 3 boxes, there is an occasional empty envelope with a typed caption. These
original envelopes were kept in the collection because they may correspond with photos
in the L.M. Winsor manuscript collection (MSS 98). This collection also contains a box
marked "Picture Index," but does not refer to photographs in this collection. All of the
negatives appear to be made of nitrate cellulose. Box 3 also contains 57 negatives which
are recent copies of existing photos and negatives from the L.M. Winsor manuscript
collection #98.
Use of the Collection
Restrictions on Access : Restrictions
Open to public research.
Restrictions on Use : Copyright
It is the responsibility of the user to obtain permission to publish from the owner of
the copyright (the institution, the creator of the record, the author or his/her
transferees, heirs, legates, or literary executors). The user agrees to indemnify and
hold harmless the Utah State University Libraries, its officers, employees, and agents
from and against all claims made by any person asserting that he or she is an owner of
copyright.
Permission to publish material from the L.M. Winsor photograph collection must
be obtained from the Special Collections Photograph Curator and/or the Special Collections
Department Head.
Preferred Citation :
L.M. Winsor photograph collection, 1915-1963. (P0343). Utah State University. Special
Collections & Archives Department.
Administrative Information
Arrangement :
Arranged in numeric sequence according to Box and item
Acquisition Information :
Donated in 1968 by Mrs. L.M. Winsor
Processing Note :
Guide completed by Matthew Stiffler, May 2003.
Separated Materials :
Photographs and report in box 5 were removed from L.M. Winsor papersMSS 98.
2:01: Enterprise, UT. Spillway from reservoir No. 1 with
Bishop Geo. A. Holt and Director L.M. Terry of the Canal Board looking the
situation over, 1916
2:05: Enterprise, UT. Group of water users and members
of canal board along with Dr. Samuel Fortier examining condition of down-stream
face of old dam, September 1916
2:14: Chile, South America. Location: Headworks of water
system in Ranc Auga Valley, Southern Chile. Looking down stream at intake to
parallel canal system with caretakers's residence in foreground, May 1919
2:15: Chile, South America. Location: Control gates at
headworks of main delivery system. Two views: No.1 looking down stream, and No. 2
looking up stream, May 1919
2:17: Ogden Valley, Ogden, UT. Testing city well with an
air-lift pumping plant. Russel Croft in foreground. Air-lift pump equipment shown
on left, and 100 cu. feet air tank in foreground, 1920
2:18: Fillmore, UT. Two views of air testing equipment
for cleaning out and testing the water supply in deep wells, with George D. Clyde
as operator, 1920
2:20: North Salt Lake, UT. Location: Stock Yard Well.
Making a test on water supply and cleaning well with an air testing outfit. Joseph
Manderfield, manager of the yards, is the central figure, 1920
2:24: Beaver, UT. Location: North Creek. Blue Lake on
North Creek. Making survey for proposed strorage reservoir. Dam site is in narrow
gorge beyond the lake directly over the instrument, September 1922
2:26: Lund, UT. Location: Hugo Hunt Well. Two views
testing the flow from Hugo Hunt well with a v-notch weir. Winsor and Fife making
the measurement, July 1922
2:34: Manderfield, UT. Intake to diversion canal where
stream was diverted from five miles of dry sand into a canal leading to farm lands
across good formation, thus saving seepage loss, 1922
2:38: Spring City, UT. Diversion dam at head of new high
line canal following terrific summer flood which struck concrete head wall before
it was a week old, September 1922
2:40: Enterprise, UT. Undercurrent Dam. Looking
downstream across old sand dam which has been replaced by the structure shown in
the distance, November 22, 1922
2:41: Davis Creek, UT. Looking north along west margin
of highway showing abruptness with which the mud flow stopped in the foreground,
and how it pushed its way on west across the strip between the telephone poles, September 2, 1923
2:45: Enterprise, UT. Location: Undercurrent Dam Site.
Two views showing sand dam at intake to canal system which was replaced by a
permanent structure about 300 feet down stream, November 1923
2:47: Enterprise, UT. Location: Undercurrent Dam Site.
Four views. Puddling the eroded fill into place above the spillway structure as it
was built, November 1923
2:48: Enterprise, UT. Location: Undercurrent Dam Site.
Looking down stream across old canal intake toward excavation where permanent
diversion dam is being built, November 1923
2:51: Farmington, UT. Location: Mouth of Canyon. Showing
huge boulders and mass of smaller boulders carried down stream by flood of August
13, September 3, 1923
2:52: Farmington, UT. Flood and gravel barriers across
Cottonwood Creek at Farmington, constructed in 1924, following the flood of August
13, 1923, and the period of high water in the Spring of 1923, during which time
the stream was out of bounds after four days of high water. A deep narrow channel
had been constructed to carry the stream but had been filled with sand, gravel,
and boulders in four days time, August 1923
2:53: Farmington, UT. Following flood of Aug. 13, 1923.
This boulder, estimated to weigh more than 300 tons, was carried more than a
quarter of a mile by the flood, September 5, 1923
2:56: Haights Creek, UT. Completed diversion structure
in operation during spring high water. Water for irrigation is being diverted on
both sides of spillway, April 1923
2:66: Willard, UT. panorama of Main Street and path of
flood through north portion of Willard. Site later used for construction of flood
control barrier, August 1923
2:73: Enterprise, UT. Location: Narrows Dam site.
Calking cast iron pipes on each end of outlet gates. View also shows forms for
outlet tunnels. Roy Adams, foreman, on left, and Hiram Lamb in the middle, with
Joseph Jones doing the calking, November 1924
2:75: Enterprise, UT. Location: Narrows Dam site.
Looking west along up-stream face of ledge. Derrick shows opening through the
ledge where the dam is in process of construction, November 1924
2:80: Enterprise, UT. Foundation brought nearly to water
level. View shows excavation along ledge to right, and beginning of concrete work, November 1924
2:83: Enterprise, UT. Beginning construction of
reservoir, Dam No. 2 at narrows. 1 mile below No.1 which lies under "x." If this
dam were raised 128 feet it would inundate No. 1, November 1924
2:85: Farmington, UT. Location: Farmington Road
Crossing. Workers endeavoring to keep stream within confinement of channel. Two
days later the channel completely filled and stream broke away just beyond bridge
to left, April 15, 1924
2:86: Farmington, UT. Location: Power Plant, on
Cottonwood Creek, Davis County. After the flood of Aug. 13, 1923. Note temporary
pipe line carrying water out for irrigation purposes, September 1923
2:90: Parowan, UT. Two views near mouth of Parowan
canyon showing immense deposit of gravel which had been cleared out of stream
during period of high water flow in previous years. This method of control was
used in an effort to clear the stream of debris so that it might be used for
irrigation, April 1924
2:94: Willard, UT. Looking down stream across remnants
of original diversion dam. Committee on left is discussing the problem of
supporting the proposition to control the stream, May 8, 1924
2:96: Willard, UT. Evening. Looking north along highway
on west side of barrier a short time after same was put into operation for the
first time. Sand bags were used to direct the water off of the road and carry it
through the channel above the temporary road crossing. Note the heavy leak through
the section of the embankment near the telephone pole, May 9, 1924
2:97: Willard, UT. Looking northeast across corner of
west dike during early stages of development showing how high water had buried the
mass of boulders during a period of less than 12 days of operation, May 1924
2:98: Willard, UT. Road crossing in front of temporary
spillway three days after flood was placed under control by spreading it above the
barrier where it dropped its load of gravel. The water was then collected over the
temporary spillway and passed across the road as shown, May 12, 1924
2:99: Willard, UT Temporary spillway at northwest corner
of barrier basin 5 days after flood stream had been diverted under the boulder
covered area, May 14, 1924. 3 p.m.
2:110: Enterprise, UT. Location: Dam No.2. Showing detail
of upstream face and character of ledge materials which was covered on west wing
of structure, June 1925
2:112: Enterprise, UT. Dam No. 2. Down-stream face,
showing off set at beginning of arch above foundation. Base of foundation is 30 ft
thick. Base of arch is 12 ft thick, June 1925
2:124: Willard, UT. Last end of high water season showing
uniformed distribution of stream over interior of barrier basin, and manner in
which stream was collected and passes over spillway, June 1925
2:126: Willard, UT. panorama of southwest corner showing
height of barrier after same had been raised following the second season's
deposit, July 30, 1925
2:130: Willard, UT. panorama of southwest corner showing
interior of basin following second season of operation after barrier had been
extended to the south, June 24, 1925
2:135: Willard, UT. Looking down canyon following flood
of August 13, 1923 showing characteristics of mud flow and particularly showing
deposit of heavy debris on left margin of mud flow. It is characteristic that the
heavy material crowds to the outside and forms a wind row of boulders along the
margin of the flow, March 1925
2:141: Enterprise, UT. Location: Dam No. 2. Showing
detail of hoisting device. The load of rock shown on the skip is raised by a team
of horses, November 1926
2:145: Woodruff, UT. Getting ready for the evening meal
at the close of a hard day's work. Several of these men were bitter enemies when
they began work in September. Two months of work and camp life together, made fast
friends of them, October 1926
2:146: Woodruff, UT. Looking upstream at spillway
foundation, Woodruff Reservoir. Preparing the foundation for a spillway to be
raised in stages, year by year, as the consolidation program is into operation, October 16, 1926
2:151: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Provo Club. panorama taken
from water tower or Provo Club, looking from south and southwest to north and
northwest, Feb. 1927
2:153: Bear Bay, UT. Location: North Bay. The Mud Queen
operating under ideal conditions with only one inch of water on top of the mud.
This boat was used for the reconnaissance survey of the Bear River Bay project, Sept. 1927
2:155: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Willard Spur. Negotiating
deep water with Mud Queen. Note the great amount of agitation and extreme effort
in evidence. Facts are the equipment moved very slowly in deep water, but attained
a speed of 20 mph when skidding along the mud with water only one inch deep
2:160: Bear Bay, UT. Location: North Bay. Building dike
under difficulties in North Bay. Note condition of lake surface where instruments
stand on right, Nov. 1927
2:165: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View looking northeast from a position on 3 to 1 slope next to gravel
covered slope, Sept. 24, 1927
2:166: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View of experimental dikes looking south, with 10 to 1 slope in foreground,
6 to 1 slope next, and 3 to 1 slope next. Picture taken on day when water was
turned in. Water just barely up to toe of slope. Man in foreground is standing on
brink in borrow pit, Sept. 8, 1927
2:167: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View from natural embankment looking along toe of experimental dike, with 10
to 1 slope in foreground, Sept. 8, 1927
2:168: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View from natural embankment looking along toe of experimental dike, with 10
to 1 slope in foreground. View shows top of dike as well as toe slope, Sept. 8, 1927
2:169: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Close-up of 10 to 1 slope shortly after water was turned in. Heavy wind
blowing, Sept. 8, 1927
2:170: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Looking east from west end of experimental section. Gravel covered 3 to 1
slope in foreground, Sept. 15, 1927
2:171: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Looking east from west end of experimental section. Gravel covered 3 to 1
slope in foreground, Sept. 15, 1927
2:172: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Looking west from midway along experimental section. 3 to 1 uncovered slope
in foreground. 3 to 1 slope covered with 4 inches of gravel next, and normal dike
in distance, Sept. 15, 1927
2:173: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Looking east at southwestern end of experimental section with 3 to 1 slope
in middle of picture. This slope had been covered by 4 inches of gravel. Note the
effect in checking erosion as compared with the normal embankment in immediate
foreground, Sept. 24, 1927
2:174: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. A more direct view of the western extremity of the experimental dike at the
junction between the gravel covered 3 to 1 slope and the normal embankment, 16
days after water had been turned in, Sept. 24, 1927
2:177: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. General view of experimental dike, looking northeast with 3 to 1 slope on
left, 6 to 1 slope in middle, 10 to 1 slope in distance, and normal dike in
extreme distance, Sept. 24, 1927
2:178: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Looking east along experimental dike from a point near 3 to 1 slope, showing
6 to 1 slope in foreground, 10 to 1 slope in distance, and normal dike in extreme
distance, Sept. 8, 1927
2:179: New State Gun Club, UT. Looking east along 10 to 1
slope with 1 1/4 slope in distance, showing difference in experimental section and
in normal sections of dike, Sept. 8, 1927
2:181: Woodruff, UT. panorama of reservoir and dam just
before work of raising began. The community has adopted the practice, as
recommended at the time of reorganizing or consolidation of irrigation company, by
which they turn out each fall and spend from six to seven weeks work on this dam
for the purpose of raising it to greater height, Sept. 13, 1927(?)
2:182: Willard, UT. Looking down Willard canyon in base
of talus slope. Also showing the wreck of power pipe line following the flood of
August 13, 1923, March 1925
2:194: A light Dodge Truck followed the Franklin to the
point indicated, where it "stuck." It was pulled back to solid ground by the
Franklin , Oct. 1928.
2:195: A light Dodge Truck followed the Franklin to the
point indicated, where it "stuck." It was pulled back to solid ground by the
Franklin , Oct. 1928.
2:205: Bear Bay, UT. Location: River Control Head Works.
View at point of island where later River Control Works was built. Looking up
stream from position approximately where road crosses, Dec. 1928
2:211: Bear Bay, UT. Location: North Bay, in vicnity of
State Shooting Grounds. Mapping and laying out the Bear River Refuge involved the
task of carrying alignment and levels over much soft, slippery, muck ground.
Taking topog below Molly's Stocking in mud flats, Fall 1928
2:217: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Bond's Pond. Soil sounding
tests and records prior to locating outer dike. Dr. Sherwin Maeser with the
notebook, Aug, 1928
2:218: Bear Bay, UT. panorama showing State Shooting
Grounds and adjacent territory taken from Little Mountain. Note the profusion of
small islands with wide stretches of flat lands between, Nov. 9, 1928
2:219: Bear Bay, UT. Two views. Close up of Sulphur
Knolls area, showing nature of the surface which may be readily converted into a
refuge of the most ideal character , Oct. 1928.
2:224: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View looking northeast at junction of 3 to 1 gravel covered slope at normal
dike, normal embankment being on the left with gravel covered slope in middle of
picture, and other sections of experimental embankment in distance, April 19, 1928
2:225: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Two views looking east along top of experimental dike from west extremity of
experimental section. Remnants of 10 to 1 slope is clearly visible in section just
past middle of picture, April 19, 1928
2:226: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View looking southwest at experimental section of dike. Remnants of 10 to 1
slope in evidence in middle of picture at point where very little abruptness is
shown at high water line, April 19, 1928
2:227: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. panorama showing right length of experimental section. 10 to 1 slope on
extreme right, 6 to 1 slope next, followed by 3 to 1 without gravel, and 3 to 1
with gravel, then normal embankment, April 19, 1928
2:228: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. Close-up of 3 to 1 slope, looking west, showing effect of small amount of
gravel in checking erosion, April 19, 1928
2:229: New State Gun Club, UT. Location: Experimental
Dike. View of beach line under normal embankment after six months of wave and ice
action. Note the uniformity of slope and the characteristic beach effect, April 19, 1928
3:08: Bear Bay, UT. Location: River Control. View
showing results when coffer dam collapsed. Photo shows down-stream action. Photo
by Mr. Bowen, Winter 1929-30
3:21: Looking down Brown's Overflow into Bear River
Club. Water over banks both sides. Ice bulged one foot higher in middle than on
sides. Drop over flash boards 16 in, Mar. 9, 1929.
3:50: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Bear River Bird Refuge.
panorama of Bear River Marsh in mid-winter. Looking toward State Shooting grounds
on left, and up the river toward Bear River Club on right, Feb, 23, 1929
3:55: Location: Bear River Bird Ref. panorama of river
control works site, looking down the river toward the island and toward the Provo
Club , Feb. 23, 1929.
3:56: Location: Bear River Mig. Bird Ref. Ready to place
galvanized sheet iron on sides and bottom of 32-foot boat in order to protect it
against damage from ice , Nov. 27, 1929.
3:57: Location: Bear River Mig. Bird Ref. Looking west
from dragline at Station L-40. Note center line stakes and slope stakes at right.
Also note depth of water along marsh , Nov. 27, 1929.
3:58: Location: Bear River Mig. Bird Ref. General view
of No. 2 1/2 channel during construction of river control works. Note bypass in
foreground. Note canvas covering over structure. Also note steam boiler used for
heating water to raise temp. of concrete while setting. Channel No. 3 1/2 on
extreme right spanned by footbridge , Nov. 27, 1929.
3:59: Location: Bear River Mig. Bird Ref. Bucyrus
crawling upon double mats in North Bay at Sta. 452 to keep on top of mud. Looking
from East , Dec. 10, 1929.
3:61: Location: Bear River Bird Refuge. Looking at
intersection of "L" and "D" line dikes at Sta. 445 from top of "D" line dike at
Sta. 450. D line dike about 60% finished in first operation , Dec. 10, 1929.
3:65: Location Bear River Bay. Intersection of canal and
laterals about one and one-fourth miles from intake. Looking south along lateral , Nov. 16, 1929.
3:69: Location Bear River Bay. Two views. View of spoil
bank on south side of feeder canal between units 1 and 2. Dragline in distance
near last turn in river , Nov. 16, 1929.
3:70: Location Bear River Bay. View along fill across
old river channel at beginning of "L" line dike. Dragline on east end of fill.
Dike only half finished, but water completely closed off in old river bed , Nov. 16, 1929.
3:79: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Bear River at All State
Ferry. Leslie Bowen measuring flow of river in winter when ice cover was not
altogether safe, Winter of 1928-29
3:94: Woodruff, UT. A full reservoir and water to spare
at the beginning of fourth year under consolidation. Plans call for a raise of 25
feet before dam is completed, Spring 1929
3:99: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Bear River Bird Refuge.
Borrow pit and dike looking south from boom of dragline near north end of "D"
line, April 14, 1930
3:100: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Bear River Bird Refuge.
May flies on dike spillway. Entire Salt Marsh from Promontory to Willard covered
with this insect, April 18, 1930
3:112: Bear Bay, UT. Location: River Control Structure.
Looking east across overflow No. 1 1/2 after river control structure was fully
completed and in operation, 1930
3:114: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Bear River Bird Refuge.
River control works. In distance concrete work under way on canal intake to Unit
No. 1, April 18, 1930
3:117: Bear Bay, UT. Location: South Bay. Matting across
South Bay was not an easy task with a machine weighing 70 tons right over mud in
which a man would sink half way to his knees, Aug. 1930
3:119: Bear Bay, UT. Location: South Bay. Two views
showing inlet and outlet of 20-foot spill box in winter time when entire lake was
frozen except through spill box, Dec. 1930
3:120: Bear Bay, UT. Location: South Bay Unit. Water in
distance is blown by 50-mile wind out of borrow pit along outer dike where it
flows across neck of land, and runs back into borrow pit, Aug. 1930
3:121: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Unit No. 2. View showing
how wind blew water out of borrow pit across half a mile of land and back into
borrow pit, Aug. 1930
3:122: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Unit No. 2. View showing
how wind blew water out of borrow pit across half a mile of land and back into
borrow pit, Aug. 1930
3:124: Parrish Creek, UT. View just below mouth of canyon
showing character of deposit made by flood of July 11, 1930. Also showing the
havoc wrought. The path made by the flood was occupied by a highly improved home
and orchard improvements. A beautiful modern home occupied this spot in the right
extremity of the picture. Remnants of the house are shown in the photo, 1930
3:127: Bear Bay, UT. Location: North Bay. View of North
Bay beach line after terrific wind storm which lasted for 32 hours carrying water
over top of embankment in places. Photo from negative by V.T. Wilson, Mar. 28, 1931
3:128: Bear Bay, UT. Location: North Bay. Following the
big wind storm showing beach line along outer dike. Note experimental sod with
salt grass in foreground, May 1931
3:132: Bear Bay, UT. Location: Head waters. Six views
showing activity of gas well geyser after casing had been blown out of well by gas
pressure, Aug. 23, 1931
3:133: Bear Bay, UT. Location: River Control structures.
Looking north along lower toe of spillway leading into North Bay, and forms and
steel were being laid, Dec. 1931
3:136: Bear Bay, UT. Typical scene showing construction
of spill box by McGuire, a different method used than that employed by the first
contractor, Mr. F.H. Newell, Dec. 1931
3:149: Ford Creek, Davis County, UT. Ford Creek.
Excavation above highway bridge showing character of materials encountered in
obtaining dirt for raising grade. Excavation was through mud and boulder deposits
made by floods of 1930 and 1931, 1932
3:150: New State Gun Club. North of Jordan River, UT.
General view of New State Gun Club five years after construction. Note character
of beach line and effect of salt grass in protecting against erosion. Most of
erosion took place during the first years of operation before salt grass had a
chance to get a start, July 1932
3:151: New State Gun Club. North of Jordan River, UT.
View along dike of New State Gun Club originally built 3 to 1 slope. Note vertical
banks at extreme high water line, July 1932
3:152: New State Gun Club. North of Jordan River, UT.
View showing condition of dike of New State five years after construction. This
particular area was never subjected to excessive wave action, July 1932
3:153: New State Gun Club. North of Jordan River, UT.
View looking west of experimental area five years after dike was built. Area in
foreground was constructed on 10 to 1 slope. Area on extreme right was 3 to 1
slope. Neither area was provided with surfacing matter other than the natural
embankment. Note of absence of high bank at water line on 10 to 1 slope. Salt
grass has covered the area and has provided a perfect protection against erosion, July 1932
3:154: New State Gun Club. North of Jordan River, UT.
View looking along slope originally built 10 to 1. Section where rod lies is
junction with slope built 3 to 1. After five years of wave action beach line
stands approximately 15 to 1, July 1932
3:155: New State Gun Club. North of Jordan River, UT.
Characteristic appearance of beach line on New State Gun Club dike five years
after construction. Tooles are beginning to take a hold on the flooded portions of
the beach, July 1932
3:169: Enterprise, UT. Looking upstream at diversion dam
under-current Dam nine years after construction was completed. Flat Top Mountain
in distance, July 25, 1933
3:170: Santa Clara, UT. Diversion dam at intake to Ivin's
canal. View shows remnants of concrete structure which once occupied this
position, but was washed out by flood. Dam shown is of brush and straw covered
with sand. Much water is lost through seepage. This structure replaced later by
rock and concrete dam about 600 feet further down stream, March 1933
3:174: Enterprise, UT. My first aeroplane ride and first
photograph from the air. View of the A.P. Winsor farm, and incidentally of the
shadow of the plane. Residence in distance. Alfalfa ground right under shadow of
plane, also in foreground; potato field on left, March 6, 1934
3:177: Enterprise, UT. View from aeroplane showing west
end of Enterprise town. Canal in foreground passes through siphon at point where
same disappears, March 1934
3:179: Enterprise, UT, View showing difference between
selected and unselected seed in A.P. Winsor's potato field. Crop in distance was
treated the same as that in foreground, except that it as planted from certified
seed. A.P. Winsor standing on margin between two plantings , July 1934
3:184: Winsor Castle, Logan, UT. John and Dan Magdiel
with their patented movable concrete form. Also showing method of tamping cinders
and cement into form
3:190: Pomerene, Arizona. General view of Pomerene
diversion dam in process of being repaired. The Northwest dragline has excavated a
basin on the down stream side of the apron and is at work moving large boulders
down into the floor of this new basin. These are to be placed in position and
embedded in concrete, and boulders are being hauled in by team and wagon, as
shown. A derrick on wheels is being used to load the boulders from a supply
located along the old railroad embankment about one half mile away, April 21, 1938
3:194: Bear Bay, UT. Outlet end of structure (20 foot
spill box in lowest part of North Bay Unit 1) showing condition of timber after 10
years of use and showing the condition of the dike at the outlet, May 29, 1939
3:196: Bear River, UT. View showing broods of Canadian
geese. These are very plainly visible under magnifying glass. At least 100 broods
seen on Units 3 and 4, May 11, 1939
3:197: Bear River, UT. View showing broods of Canadian
geese. These are very plainly visible under magnifying glass. At least 100 broods
seen on Units 3 and 4, May 11, 1939
3:202: Bear River Refuge, Utah, Preparing outlet Spillbox
No. 2 for riprap below downstream apron and cut off, or curtain wall. Note
consistency of silty clay being removed from excavation , Nov. 1940.
3:210: Boulder Refuge. Edge of present silt. Delta about
5 miles below high water mark reached by Lake Mead in Version River area looking
west , Dec. 4, 1940
3:213: Boulder Refuge. Diversion Dike, upper end of Lower
Noapa Unit looking west from extreme east end. Water in borrow pit is from ground
water seepage , Dec. 4, 1940.
3:217: Bear River Refuge. Control Gates in Old Rover
between Units 1 and 2. Looking northwest from bridge over structure leading into
Unit 2 , Feb. 25, 1941.
5:03: Scenes along Main Street, Willard, following
the flood of
August 13, 1923
5:04: Scenes along Main Street, Willard, following
the flood of
August 13, 1923
5:05: Looking down Main Street Willard, from the
north end of the town
August 18, 1923
5:06: This barn, containing livestock, automobile
trucks, and 75 tons of hay was carried 1/4 mile and deposited on Main
Street
5:07: Site of the Willard Flood Barrier
September 3, 1923
5:08: The same site as 5:07, May 10, 1924, two days
after construction began
5:09: In 1925 the Willard Barrier Basin was extended
500 feet further south along the State highway. This picture shows the interior
of the southwest corner, as it was prepared to receive the 1925 deposit of
gravel carried by high water in May
5:10: This panorama shows the same view as 5:09 in
July 1925, following a summer freshet, after gravel deposited in May had been
scraped to the outer bank
5:11: Willard Barrier at the close of the second high
water season following control
(June 1926)
5:12: A close up of the spillway, same date as
5:11
5:13: Interior of the New Barrier Basin-
June 1925
5:14: Raising the outer bank still higher-July 1926,
just previous to summer flood, see panorama (5:10)
5:15: Closing an opening through one of the control
deflectors at upper end of Willard Barrier Basin
5:16: Southwest corner of Willard Barrier, July 30,
1925 during the second season of operation
5:17: Timber coarse straw and boulders, were used to
define the limits of the Willard Barrier Basin
5:18: Another view of the Barrier during the first
few days of construction. The natural slope of the ground surface was away from
rather than toward the channel excavated by steam shovel through the flood
debris. When the flood was allowed to spread at random over the depository
there followed a constant battle to prevent it from over-topping the lateral
embankment, beyond which it would have flooded homes and orchard
lands
5:19: A Beaver dam built by man to divert the stream
(Willard Creek) into the Barrier Basin
5:20: Temporary spillway just above highway
crossing
5:21: Drifting gravel becomes a menace following
torrential floods. In an effort to cope with the problem, the State highway
department in cooperation with the Willard Flood Relief Committee excavated a
deep, narrow channel from the mouth of the canyon to the low lands, across the
highway and both railroads a distance of over a mile. It had been assumed that
by confining the stream in this manner its high velocity would carry the burden
of sand and gravel along. On the contrary, however, the new channel was filled
to bank level with gravel within 5 days after high water began to flow. Highway
and railroads were blocked and valuable farm lands were buried beneath a heavy
bed of gravel. Photograph shows emergency crossing highway, and teams at work
endeavoring to keep the channel open on the day flood control work began May 8,
1924
5:22: The same as 5:21, five days later. When the
stream was cleared of its burden, above the hastily improvised barrier, it was
free to pick up a new load. Note the successive erosions caused by daily
fluctuation in runoff from melting snows. The channel was deepened 18 inches
the first night after control. 12 inches the second night during the peak of
heavy runoff and so on until a permanent bed was reached 12 feet below highway
level
5:23: Railroad crossing at Willard Creek--2 days
after stream was placed under control
5:24: Crib and rock protection in Willard Canyon
beneath a 75 foot bank of gravel
5:25: Farmington Flood Barrier in its early stages of
development
5:26: Farmington Flood Barrier successfully
controlling a heavy torrential flood of
July 3, 1925
5:27: Farmington Spillway following a torrential
flood
5:28: Debris deposited above the Farmington Barrier
by the flood of July 3, 1926. Control was so complete that the citizens did not
know a flood was on. Without control there would have been a repetition of
Aug. 13, 1923
5:29: Farmington Spillway of rubble-concrete during
the first season of operation
April 1925
5:30: The same as 5:29 in
1927
5:31: Farmington Flood Barrier at the close of a
season of excessive high water which carried hundreds of thousands of cubic
yards of sand and gravel into the control basin
5:32: Looking up stream from spillway into Farmington
Barrier Basin
5:33: Ford Creek, Davis County, after the third
torrential flood in recent years. The high banks of sand and gravel were
deposited when Lake Bonneville occupied the higher levels. These banks are
characteristic of each of the Davis County flood channels. It has been proved
conclusively that the recent floods have cut through these Bonneville deposits
for the first time since the lake receded over 25,000 years ago
5:34: Result of mud flow from torrential flood, Ford
Creek
August 13, 1923
5:35: The disaster of 1923 repeated on Ford Creek in
a series of three floods in 1930
5:36: (No info. provided)
5:37: Ford Creek in 1924 following 1923 floods.
Looking down stream across highway on which great quantities of gravel were
deposited during summer runoff. It is characteristic that heavy gravel flows
follow excessive torrential floods
5:38: Looking across State highway at Ford Creek
following 1930 flood. Note depth of flow and size of boulders compared with
automobile in foreground at left
5:39: Parrish Creek showing Centerville School in the
midst of an area devastated by the floods of 1930
5:40: Remnants of a home on Parrish Creek near the
Centerville School
September 1930
5:41: Highway below Centerville School, Parrish Creek
1930 floods
5:43. and 5:44: Two pictures showing consistency of mud flows
in Davis County. This accounts for the ability of such floods to carry boulders
weighing more than 200 tons each far out on to flood planes below the
confinement of canyon walls
5:45: Digging the State Highway out after a typical
Davis County flood
5:46: A minor flood from Steed Creek blocked the
highway as indicated
5:47: Highway at Steed Creek crossing during
torrential flood, looking up stream. Autos are in outer edge of flood and are
partly buried
5:48: A woven wire fence parallel to direction of
flow held a torrential flood within bounds, just above highway crossing at
Fiddler's Creek, near Cedar City
5:49: Bingham was also severely hit by flood and
fire
5:50: Weber Canyon, Aug. 1930. Looking down stream
where torrential flood carried a dam completely across the river, forcing the
stream to flow down the highway
5:51: Looking up stream across Salt Creek upper
Barrier after it had been in operation two years. Note the immense deposit of
gravel above the water line, also the extent of the still water pool which did
not fill during the first twenty four hours as was predicted by skeptical water
user
5:52: Spillway through above barrier
5:53: Lower Barrier on Salt Creek above Nephi at the
beginning of the third season of operation
5:54: Salt Creek out of bounds at plaster Mill above
Nephi, on the evening of Aug. 13, 1923 the same time that Farmington and
Willard were devastated
5:55: Chalk Creek before control in 1921--Note that
stream bed is filled above level of adjacent farms
5:56: Chalk Creek Barrier and Spillway which for ten
years has successfully controlled floods and caused the high water streams to
completely unload their burden of gravel which was formerly a menace to
successful irrigation
5:57: Kanosh Creek Barrier and Spillway soon after
completion--Note the depth at lower toe. Also the cutoff structure in
foreground at right; same to prevent erosion. crest and floor of Juniper
timber, wings of cottonwood and boulders
5:58: Sand and gravel were a serious menace to
Parowan City and to the irrigation system before the Barrier was built in
1925
5:59: Gravel deposited above the Parowan Flood
Barrier supplies the building needs of the community
5:60: Parowan Barrier after a terrific flood. Fine
debris carried down to crest of Spillway but no coarse material even approached
the structure
5:61: Excavation for Shoal Creek Diversion Dam, above
Enterprise
5:62: The same site as 5:61 after
completed
5:63: Looking up stream through spillway of Shoal
Creek Diversion Dam
5:64: The same looking down stream. This structure
made of Juniper timbers cribbed and spiked together and loaded down with dirt
and rocks puddled into place
5:65: (No info. provided)
5:66: Equalizing Reservoir No. 1- on Shoal
Creek
5:67: Equalizing Reservoir No. 2- on Shoal Creek.
These Reservoirs built by water users with but little skilled help
5:68: Constructing Flood Control Diversion Dam at
Summit
5:69: The same after completion and after a terrific
summer flood carrying boulders weighing tons each
5:70: Diversion Dam above Orderville. This structure
crude as it is, has been a material factor in preventing excessive erosion of
the upper Virgin immediately above Orderville
5:71: Diversion Dam above Escalante in Potato
Valley
5:72: Diversion Dam on Canal Creek, after a terrific
flood in July 1922. (Spring City)
5:73: Diversion Dam on Haghts Creek, buried by a
devastating flood July 3, 1926--When uncovered the structure was found to be
intact except for one wing. (In Davis County above Bountiful)
5:74: Ford Creek, Davis County, after the third
torrential flood in recent years. The high banks of sand and gravel were
deposited when Lake Bonneville occupied the higher levels. These banks are
characteristic of each of the Davis County flood channels. It has been proved
conclusively that the recent floods have cut through these Bonneville deposits
for the first time since the lake receded over 25,000 years ago
5:75: Mt. Pleasant Flood Barrier Spillway--Nearing
completion Nov. 11, 1928--Looking downstream. (In Sanpete)
Nov. 11, 1928
5:76: The same as 5:75, in September 1929 following a
terrific mud and boulder flow, looking up stream. (Geo. Albert Smith in
front)
5:77: Manti Barrier, at the close of the high water
season
5:78: Manti Barrier Spillway in operation. A close
up
5:79: Constructing the main barrier and spillway in
Payson Creek, rocks dragged into place by teams are grouted with concrete to
hold them in position
5:80: A secondary spillway on Payson Creek made of
timber. Photograph shows main floor being placed
5:81: Erosion on Santa Clara Creek is a problem of
great concern to the farmers of St. George and Santa Clara. Note the depth of
the fertile orchard lands. The last flood widened the channel a hundred feet at
the point shown. (Wallie Mathis Farm)
5:82: An attempt at control on Santa Clara Creek. The
water users are willing and anxious to do what they can to save their farms.
Since this report was written they have been organized for flood control and
are at work under an assistant to the author who is carrying out an organized
plan of control along the entire stream
5:83: Woodruff equalizing reservoir, showing first
construction camp, 1926, and beginning of the new dam. This structure is being
raised at the rate of six to eight feet each fall. The spillway is a part of
the dam and is made of rubble-concrete
5:84: Woodruff Spillway at the height of 24 feet
which was the first level reached
5:85: Woodruff Reservoir, Spring of 1930, during the
time of heaviest spring floods
5:87: Kessler Canyon Barrier Spillway--Looking down
stream toward Garfield Smelter. This structure stands 80 feet above original
streambed. (After forms had been removed)
5:88: The same as 5:87, after a torrential flood
which reached a depth of 7 feet over the 70 foot crest. Note the Tower drag
line and the caterpillar dragline in position. When completed the embankment on
left was raised ten feet above the wing walls and 25 feet above the spillway
crest. (The crest was then raised to 114 feet, its present level in
1965)
5:89: Looking up stream from Garfield Smelter at
series of control structures in Kessler Canyon. The tall derrick in the
distance is stationed at the site of the main barrier
5:90: Looking down stream across site of main Barrier
Spillway Kessler Canyon, during construction
5:91: Lifting Boulders out of the ground for use in
building main spillway. Kessler Canyon. These were loaded by drag line crane on
to heavy wagons then hauled to site of spillway by tractor
5:92: Boulders being placed by heavy derrick, in
foundation of main spillway, Kessler Canyon
5:93: Building an equalizing check above intake to
tunnel through Garfield Smelter. Note main tunnel opening in distance, which is
same cross-sectional area as opening in foreground. (Incidentally, this and
other checks saved the smelter. There were 4 additional floods in 1927-no
further damage)
5:94: Constructing a check dam in Kessler Canyon
below main structure
5:95: Looking down stream from main spillway. Kessler
Canyon. The screen in middle of picture was built to remove floating debris
which might clog the tunnel, intake of which is shown in the distance. Railroad
yards and Garfield Smelter in background beyond which is great Salt
Lake
5:96: Detail of Rubble-Concrete Construction. Arch is
15 feet high. (Note old tunnel under smelter. Only 4 x 6 feet. Now tunnel is 22
x 22 feet)
5:97: Guniting a Rubble-Concrete Wing wall-Kessler
Canyon
5:98: Gasoline driven shovel building the flood
barrier, Kessler Canyon. This dike was later raised 15 feet by tower
dragline
5:99: Spillway through main barrier, Kessler Canyon.
This structure is a new departure in spillway construction. It stands 80 feet
high and rests upon an alluvial foundation. Huge boulders, some of which weigh
two or three tons, were placed in position then grouted together. The flood
stream drops over a circular crest into a stilling pool ten feet deep. A
secondary crest below the stilling pool passes the stream quietly into the
channel below
